Basiliximab
Chimeric anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody that prevents acute rejection in kidney transplant by blocking IL-2 receptor activation.
Chemical Identity
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Molecular Weight | ~144 kDa |
| Structure | Chimeric IgG1 (murine V + human C) |
| Target | CD25 (IL-2R alpha chain) |
| CAS Number | 179045-86-4 |
| Route | IV infusion |
Structure
Basiliximab (Simulect) is a chimeric monoclonal antibody with murine variable regions and human IgG1 constant regions targeting CD25 (IL-2 receptor alpha chain, Tac antigen). It has higher affinity and longer half-life than daclizumab.
Mechanism of Action
Basiliximab binds CD25 on activated T lymphocytes, blocking IL-2 binding and preventing IL-2-mediated T-cell proliferation. CD25 is upregulated on T cells after antigen recognition, making basiliximab selective for activated alloreactive T cells involved in transplant rejection.
Clinical Applications
- Kidney transplant: Induction immunosuppression (Simulect)
- Liver transplant: Off-label induction
- Heart transplant: Investigational induction
- Steroid-resistant rejection: Under investigation
Pharmacokinetics
- Half-life: 7.2 days
- Tmax: End of infusion
- CD25 saturation: 30-45 days after standard dosing
- Dosing: 20 mg IV day 0 and day 4
- Route: IV infusion
Safety and Side Effects
Hypersensitivity reactions (rare), infections, malignancy (long-term immunosuppression), and cytokine release syndrome. No significant acute infusion reactions. Generally well-tolerated.
References
- Nashan, B., et al. (1997). Basiliximab for kidney transplant rejection. Lancet, 350, 1193-1198.
- Kahan, B.D., et al. (1999). Simulect for kidney transplant induction. Transplantation, 68, 1203-1210.
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